TEAS 7 Science Quick Review

Blood flow path: Vena cava → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta

Heart rate: 60-100 bpm (resting)

Blood pressure: Normal = 120/80 mmHg

Blood types: A, B, AB (universal recipient), O (universal donor)

Gas exchange: Alveoli ↔ Capillaries (O₂ in, CO₂ out)

Pathway: Nose/mouth → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Diaphragm: Contracts = inhalation, Relaxes = exhalation

Respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths/min (adult)

CNS: Brain + Spinal cord

PNS: Somatic (voluntary) + Autonomic (involuntary)

Autonomic: Sympathetic (fight/flight) + Parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Neuron parts: Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axon terminal

Synapse: Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft

Cell membrane: Phospholipid bilayer (selectively permeable)

Mitochondria: Powerhouse — produces ATP

Ribosomes: Protein synthesis

Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cell

DNA: A-T, G-C base pairs (double helix)

RNA: A-U, G-C (single strand)

Dominant: Expressed with 1+ allele (AA or Aa)

Recessive: Only expressed with 2 copies (aa)

Punnett square: Cross Aa × Aa = AA, Aa, Aa, aa (3:1)

Bones: 206 in adult body

Functions: Support, protect organs, produce blood cells, store calcium

Joint types: Ball-and-socket (hip), Hinge (knee), Pivot (neck)

Muscle types: Skeletal (voluntary), Smooth (involuntary), Cardiac (heart)

Order: Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum

Small intestine: Nutrient absorption (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Large intestine: Water absorption

Liver: Produces bile, detoxification

Pancreas: Produces insulin + digestive enzymes

Independent var: What you change

Dependent var: What you measure

Control group: No treatment (baseline)

Experimental group: Receives treatment